Eficacia y utilidad clínica de los tratamientos para las víctimas adultas de atentados terroristas: una revisión sistemática
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2015
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Fundación VECA
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Abstract
Se presenta una revisión sobre la eficacia y utilidad clínica de los tratamientos para los trastornos mentales en víctimas adultas del terrorismo. Una búsqueda en PsycINFO, PILOTS y MEDLINE encontró ocho estudios, todos sobre el trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT): siete sobre la terapia cognitivo conductual centrada en el trauma y uno sobre la de exposición en combinación con un inhibidor selectivo de la recaptación de serotonina, pero ninguno sobre otros fármacos, otras terapias psicológicas no cognitivo conductuales u otros trastornos mentales. Los resultados sugieren que: (a) la terapia cognitivo conductual centrada en el trauma no sólo es eficaz y útil en la práctica clínica para el tratamiento del TEPT en víctimas adultas del terrorismo, sino actualmente la terapia de elección y (b) la investigación futura debería desarrollar, adaptar y probar tratamientos para los otros trastornos mentales que pueden sufrir las víctimas del terrorismo (p. ej., trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad, duelo complicado) y para las víctimas de los países no desarrollados y no occidentales que son los que sufren en mayor medida el terrorismo.
A review of the efficacy and clinical utility (effectiveness) of the treatments for mental disorders in adult victims of terrorism is presented. A search in PsycINFO, PILOTS and MEDLINE found eight studies, all of them on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): seven on trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and one on exposure therapy in combination with a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, but none on other medications, other non-cognitive-behavioral psychological therapies or other mental disorders. The results of this review suggest that: (a) trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is not only efficacious and useful in clinical practice for the treatment of PTSD in victims of terrorism, but also currently the therapy of choice, and (b) future research should develop, adapt and test treatments for other mental disorders that victims of terrorism may suffer from (e.g., depressive and anxiety disorders, complicated grief) and for victims of non-developed, non-Western countries that are the countries that suffer most from terrorism.
A review of the efficacy and clinical utility (effectiveness) of the treatments for mental disorders in adult victims of terrorism is presented. A search in PsycINFO, PILOTS and MEDLINE found eight studies, all of them on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): seven on trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and one on exposure therapy in combination with a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, but none on other medications, other non-cognitive-behavioral psychological therapies or other mental disorders. The results of this review suggest that: (a) trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy is not only efficacious and useful in clinical practice for the treatment of PTSD in victims of terrorism, but also currently the therapy of choice, and (b) future research should develop, adapt and test treatments for other mental disorders that victims of terrorism may suffer from (e.g., depressive and anxiety disorders, complicated grief) and for victims of non-developed, non-Western countries that are the countries that suffer most from terrorism.