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Theoretical tools for neutrino scattering: interplay between lattice QCD, EFTs, nuclear physics, phenomenology, and neutrino event generators

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2025

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IOP Publishing
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[1] Alvarez-Ruso L, Ankowski A M, Bacca S, Balantekin A B, Carlson J, Gardiner S, González-Jiménez R, Gupta R, Hobbs T J, Hoferichter M, Isaacson J, Jachowicz N, Jay W I, Katori T, Kling F, Kronfeld A S, Li S W, Lin H-W, Liu K-F, Lovato A, Mahn K, Menéndez J, Meyer A S, Morfin J, Pastore S, Rocco N, Athar M S, Sato T, Schwenk A, Shanahan P E, Strigari L E, Wagman M L, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Acharya B, Andreoli L, Andreopoulos C, Barrow J L, Bhattacharya T, Brdar V, Giusti C, Hayato Y, Khan A N, Kim D, Li Y F, Lin M, Machado P, Martini M, Niewczas K, Pandey V, Papadopoulou A, Plestid R, Roda M, Ruiz Simo I, Simone J N, Sufian R S, Tena-Vidal J, Tomalak O, Tsai Y-D and Udías J M 2025 Theoretical tools for neutrino scattering: interplay between lattice QCD, EFTs, nuclear physics, phenomenology, and neutrino event generators J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 52 043001

Abstract

Maximizing the discovery potential of increasingly precise neutrino experiments will require an improved theoretical understanding of neutrino-nucleus cross sections over a wide range of energies. Low-energy interactions are needed to reconstruct the energies of astrophysical neutrinos from supernovae bursts and search for new physics using increasingly precise measurement of coherent elastic neutrino scattering. Higher-energy interactions involve a variety of reaction mechanisms including quasi-elastic scattering, resonance production, and deep inelastic scattering that must all be included to reliably predict cross sections for energies relevant to DUNE and other accelerator neutrino experiments. Refined nuclear interaction models in these energy regimes will also be valuable for other applications, such as measurements of reactor, solar, and atmospheric neutrinos. This manuscript discusses the theoretical status, challenges, required resources, and path forward for achieving precise predictions of neutrino-nucleus scattering and emphasizes the need for a coordinated theoretical effort involved lattice QCD, nuclear effective theories, phenomenological models of the transition region, and event generators.

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"L.A.R. acknowledges the support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under contract PID2020-112777GB-I00, the EU STRONG-2020 project under the program H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1, Grant agreement no. 824093 and by Generalitat Valenciana under contract PROMETEO/2020/023. A.M.A. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (DOE) under Award No. DEAC02-76SF00515. A.B.B. is supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award No. DE-SC0019465 and by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grants Nos. PHY-2020275 and PHY-2108339. R.G. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. R.G.J. is supported by the government of Madrid and Complutense University under Project PR65/19-22430. M.H. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Project No. PCEFP2_181117. N.J. acknowledges support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Flanders). W.J. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under grant Contract Numbers DE-SC0011090 and DE-SC0021006. F.K. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2121 Quantum Universe—390833306. T.K. acknowledges the support from the Science and Technology Council Facilities, UK. H.W.L. is partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant PHY 1653405 and and by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement through the Cottrell Scholar Award. K.F.L. is supported in part by the U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-SC0013065 and DOE Grant No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. A.L. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and the NUCLEI SciDAC program. K.M. is supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Grant DE-SC0015903. J.M. is supported by the ‘Ramón y Cajal’ program with grant RYC-2017-22781, and grants CEX2019-000918-M and PID2020-118758GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and, as appropriate, by ‘ESF Investing in your future’. A.S.M. is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-SC00046548. S.P. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-SC0021027, through the Neutrino Theory Network and the FRIB Theory Alliance award DE-SC0013617. T.S. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant JP19H05104. A.S. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 101020842). P.E.S. is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under grant Contract Number DE-SC0011090 and by the U.S. Department of Energy Early Career Award DE-SC0021006, and by the National Science Foundation under EAGER Grant 2035015 and under Cooperative Agreement PHY-2019786 (The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions, http://iaifi.org/). L.E.S. acknowledges support from DOE Grant de-sc0010813. X.Z. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under the FRIB Theory Alliance award DE-SC0013617. Y.Z. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics through Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and partially supported by an LDRD initiative at Argonne National Laboratory under Project No. 2020-0020. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DEAC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. S.B. was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Cluster of Excellence “Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions, and Structure of Matter” (PRISMA+ EXC 2118/1, Project ID 390831469)."

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