World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence‐Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis
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2025
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Wiley
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Saridomichelakis, M. N., Baneth, G., Colombo, S., Dantas-Torres, F., Ferrer, L., Fondati, A., Miró, G., Ordeix, L., Otranto, D., & Noli, C. (2025). World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis. Veterinary dermatology, 10.1111/vde.70006. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.70006
Abstract
Background: Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum remains common, and veterinarians do not always follow scientifically sound approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Objectives: To provide consensus guidelines for diagnosis and evidence-based guidelines for treatment and prevention of CanL.
Methods and material: Clinical consensus guidelines for the diagnosis were structured based on literature and authors' experience. Three electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on treatment and prevention.
Results, conclusions and clinical importance: Diagnosis should be based on compatible clinical signs and/or clinicopathologic abnormalities, exclusion of differentials, demonstration of infection and increased concentration of anti-Leishmania IgG (quantitative serology). Euthanasia for public health purposes is not recommended and drugs with anti-Leishmania activity should be avoided in subclinically infected dogs. Recommended treatments include meglumine antimoniate-allopurinol (first-line treatment), miltefosine-allopurinol (first-line treatment) and aminosidine-allopurinol (second-line treatment); marbofloxacin may be considered in dogs with advanced chronic kidney disease. In endemic areas, recommended measures for prevention include deltamethrin 4% collar, flumethrin 4.5%-imidacloprid 10% collar or permethrin 50%-imidacloprid 10% spot-on, not using infected blood products for transfusion, not breeding seropositive bitches or dogs with CanL, administration of domperidone (seronegative dogs) and dietary nucleotides-active hexose correlated compound (subclinically infected, seropositive dogs). Vaccination with LiESP with MDP may be considered, whereas protein Q vaccine is recommended in areas with very high rates of seroconversion. In non-endemic areas, recommended measures include not using infected blood products for transfusion and removal of infected female dogs from reproductio
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Author Contributions:
Manolis N. Saridomichelakis: data curation (lead), formal analysis(lead), investigation (lead), methodology (lead), writing – original draft(lead), writing – review and editing (lead). Gad Baneth: writing – origi-nal draft (equal), writing – review and editing (equal). Silvia Colombo:writing – original draft (equal), writing – review and editing (equal). Filipe Dantas-Torres: writing – original draft (equal), writing – re-view and editing (equal). Lluís Ferrer: writing – original draft (equal),writing – review and editing (equal). Alessandra Fondati: writing –original draft (equal), writing – review and editing (equal). GuadalupeMiró: writing – original draft (equal), writing – review and editing(equal). Laura Ordeix: investigation (supporting), writing – originaldraft (equal), writing – review and editing (equal). Domenico Otranto:writing – original draft (equal), writing – review and editing (equal).Chiara Noli: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, fund-ing acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, su-pervision, validation, writing – original draft (equal), writing – reviewand editing (equal)