Evaluación regional de inestabilidades de ladera por
efecto sísmico en la Cuenca de Lorca (Murcia): Implementación del método de Newmark en un SIG
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2008
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Instituto Geológico y Minero de España
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La Cuenca de Lorca (Murcia, SE España) constituye un territorio de gran interés para estudios de sismicidad y fenómenos inducidos ya que en ella se registra una elevada actividad sísmica, se localizan algunas de las fallas activas con mayor potencial sísmico de España y existen casos reconocidos de desprendimientos asociados a terremotos (e.g., Mula 1999, Bullas 2002, La Paca 2005). En esta área, se ha desarrollado una aplicación a escala regional del método del “bloque rígido deslizante” de Newmark en un sistema de información geográfica (SIG). Además, en este trabajo hemos propuesto una modificación del método de Newmark para tener en cuenta los efectos de amplificación sísmica relacionados con el suelo y con la topografía. Posteriormente, se han generado los mapas de desplazamiento de Newmark considerando tanto escenarios sísmicos deterministas como probabilistas para la Cuenca de Lorca. El cálculo del factor de seguridad estático para cada píxel del área de estudio ha permitido obtener un mapa de aceleración crítica (ac), el cual representa la susceptibilidad de las laderas a inestabilidades inducidas sísmicamente. Los mapas de desplazamiento de Newmark obtenidos permiten identificar las áreas con mayor peligrosidad así como zonas de interés para posteriores estudios de detalle. Los resultados predicen la mayoría de las inestabilidades observadas en trabajos previos (principalmente, desprendimientos) y los desprendimientos asociados a terremotos concretos con valores de desplazamiento de Newmark menores de 2 cm. Inestabilidades de mayor entidad y deslizamientos ocurrirían con desplazamientos de Newmark mayores de 2 cm para lo que se requeriría un terremoto de gran magnitud (Mw=6.7-6.8).
The Lorca Basin (Murcia, SE Spain) exhibits a high seismic activity because some of the most active faults in Spain have been identified in the surroundings of this basin and there are well known cases of rock-falls associated to specific earthquakes (e.g., Mula 1999, Bullas 2002, La Paca 2005). In this area, we have used a geographic information system (GIS) to develop an implementation for the Newmark’s sliding rigid block method at a regional scale. In addition, we have particularly proposed a new small variation of Newmark’s method to consider soil and topographic amplification effects. Subsequently, we produce “Newmark displacement” maps for both deterministic and probabilistic seismic scenarios in the Lorca Basin. The estimation of static safety factor for each pixel of study area has allowed obtaining the critical acceleration (ac) map that represents seismically induced slope instability susceptibility. The obtained Newmark displacement maps allowed us to identify areas with the highest potential seismic hazard as well as interesting areas for future particular studies. The results predict the majority of identified instabilities in previous studies (mainly, rock-falls) and rock-falls associated with specific earthquakes with values of Newmark displacement lower than 2 cm. Larger instabilities and landslides occur with Newmark displacement higher than 2 cm assuming that a great earthquake (Mw=6.7-6.8) take place.
The Lorca Basin (Murcia, SE Spain) exhibits a high seismic activity because some of the most active faults in Spain have been identified in the surroundings of this basin and there are well known cases of rock-falls associated to specific earthquakes (e.g., Mula 1999, Bullas 2002, La Paca 2005). In this area, we have used a geographic information system (GIS) to develop an implementation for the Newmark’s sliding rigid block method at a regional scale. In addition, we have particularly proposed a new small variation of Newmark’s method to consider soil and topographic amplification effects. Subsequently, we produce “Newmark displacement” maps for both deterministic and probabilistic seismic scenarios in the Lorca Basin. The estimation of static safety factor for each pixel of study area has allowed obtaining the critical acceleration (ac) map that represents seismically induced slope instability susceptibility. The obtained Newmark displacement maps allowed us to identify areas with the highest potential seismic hazard as well as interesting areas for future particular studies. The results predict the majority of identified instabilities in previous studies (mainly, rock-falls) and rock-falls associated with specific earthquakes with values of Newmark displacement lower than 2 cm. Larger instabilities and landslides occur with Newmark displacement higher than 2 cm assuming that a great earthquake (Mw=6.7-6.8) take place.