La producción, tipología y comercio de los bienes malacológicos en las culturas prehispánicas ecuatorianas
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2024
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25/09/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El uso de los moluscos siempre ha despertado el interés entre los pueblos, es así que las culturas prehispánicas del actual Ecuador no se quedaron al margen de este proceso y, al contrario, supieron explotar y trabajar diversas materias primas malacológicas, para elaborar objetos ornamentales, utilitarios y votivos. Estudios anteriores se centraron solo en el análisis de la concha Spondylus, dejando al margen otras especies. Es así que este trabajo, en base al análisis de los datos etnohistóricos, la identificación taxonómica y el propio análisis de los objetos malacológicos, ha proporcionado cierta información necesaria para poder entender los diversos procesos, desde la obtención de la materia prima, los artistas-artesanos, la elaboración y decoración y por ende las tipologías, para posteriormente realizar la comercialización y distribución de los mismos, a través de los Andes septentrionales y centrales. De esta manera, este trabajo pretende ser un primer acercamiento y recorrido por estos procesos de la industria malacológica, a través de bienes ubicados en su mayoría en museos y colecciones.
The use of mollusks has always aroused interest among peoples, so the prehispanic cultures of present-day Ecuador did not remain outside this process and the contrary, they knew how to exploit and work with various malacological raw material, to make ornamental, utilitarian objects and votives. Previous studies focused only on the analysis of the Spondylus shell, leaving other species aside. Thus, this work, based on the analysis of ethnohistoric data, taxonomic identification and the analysis of the malacological objects itself, have provided certain necessary information, in order to understand the various processes, from obtaining the raw material, the artists-artisans, the elaboration and decoration and therefore the typologies, to later carry out the commercialization and distribution of the same, through the northern and central Andes. In this way, this work aims to be a first approach and tour of these processes of the malacology industry, through the assets located mostly in museums and collections.
The use of mollusks has always aroused interest among peoples, so the prehispanic cultures of present-day Ecuador did not remain outside this process and the contrary, they knew how to exploit and work with various malacological raw material, to make ornamental, utilitarian objects and votives. Previous studies focused only on the analysis of the Spondylus shell, leaving other species aside. Thus, this work, based on the analysis of ethnohistoric data, taxonomic identification and the analysis of the malacological objects itself, have provided certain necessary information, in order to understand the various processes, from obtaining the raw material, the artists-artisans, the elaboration and decoration and therefore the typologies, to later carry out the commercialization and distribution of the same, through the northern and central Andes. In this way, this work aims to be a first approach and tour of these processes of the malacology industry, through the assets located mostly in museums and collections.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 25-09-2023