Mujeres en guerra: la imagen de la mujer italiana en los noticiarios Luce durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1940-1945)
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2015
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Jalisco, Universidad de Guadalajara
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Coronado Ruiz, C. (2013). Mujeres en guerra: la imagen de la mujer italiana en los noticiarios Luce durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1940-1945). Revista de Estudios de Género, La ventana, 4 (37), 177-209.https://doi.org/10.32870/lv.v4i37.667
Abstract
Desde que Italia entró en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el noticiario cinematográfico Luce (el principal instrumento de propaganda del fascismo) tuvo como prioridad mostrar la guerra: se presentaba una Italia victoriosa y un Mussolini aclamado por las masas. En este contexto, la imagen que se ofrecía de la retaguardia y de las mujeres involucradas en la guerra resultaba muy importante para la construcción de una imagen audiovisual positiva de aquélla. Así, en este estudio se analizan los noticiarios cinematográficos en los que aparece la mujer italiana y cómo fue su participación en la guerra: desde las mujeres fascistas militarizadas, a las trabajadoras que reemplazaban a los hombres en las industrias bélicas; desde las labores sociales que llevaron a cabo, a la vida cotidiana que padecieron, marcada por el racionamiento y los hogares destruidos.
Since Italy entered World War II, Luce newsreel’s (the fascist regime’s favorite method of propaganda) main priority was to show the war itself. This representation wasn’t objective, though: the main image being a victorious Italy with masses of fervent Mussolini supporters. Therefore, images from the rearguard and women-related news were important elements in the audiovisual construction of war with persuasive purposes. It is interesting to analyze the historical representation with which this media portrayed women’s war roles. All the Luce newsreels about this subject are studied: from the fascist women’s labor of resistance to the social and industrial changes attributed to war, and, of course, its relation to everyday life (food shortage, black market and destroyed homes).
Since Italy entered World War II, Luce newsreel’s (the fascist regime’s favorite method of propaganda) main priority was to show the war itself. This representation wasn’t objective, though: the main image being a victorious Italy with masses of fervent Mussolini supporters. Therefore, images from the rearguard and women-related news were important elements in the audiovisual construction of war with persuasive purposes. It is interesting to analyze the historical representation with which this media portrayed women’s war roles. All the Luce newsreels about this subject are studied: from the fascist women’s labor of resistance to the social and industrial changes attributed to war, and, of course, its relation to everyday life (food shortage, black market and destroyed homes).