IFN regulatory factor-2 regulates macrophage apoptosis through a STAT1/3 and caspase-1-dependent mechanism.
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2007
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American Association of Immunologists
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Cuesta N, Nhu QM, Zudaire E, Polumuri S, Cuttitta F, Vogel SN. IFN regulatory factor-2 regulates macrophage apoptosis through a STAT1/3- and caspase-1-dependent mechanism. J Immunol. 2007 Mar 15;178(6):3602-11
Abstract
Los ratones knockout para el factor regulador de IFN-2 (IRF-2-/-) son significativamente más resistentes al tratamiento con una dosis letal de lipopolisacárido (LPS) que los compañeros de camada de genotipo salvaje, y esto se correlacionó previamente con la presencia de un mayor número de células de Kupffer apoptóticas. Para comprender el papel de IRF-2 en la apoptosis, se compararon las respuestas de macrófagos peritoneales de ratones IRF-2(+/+) e IRF-2(-/-) a estímulos apoptóticos. Los macrófagos IRF-2(-/-) mostraron una incidencia consistentemente mayor de apoptosis que no se correlacionó con la actividad de la caspasa-3/7. Utilizando perfiles de expresión génica de microarrays de muestras de ARN hepático derivadas de ratones IRF-2(+/+) e IRF-2(-/-) tratados con solución salina o LPS, identificamos >40 genes que estaban significativamente regulados a la baja en ratones IRF-2(-/-), incluido Stat3, factor conocido regulador de apoptosis. El ARNm de STAT3alpha se reguló al alza tanto constitutivamente como después del tratamiento con gliotoxina en los macrófagos IRF-2(-/-), mientras que el ARNm de STAT3beta se reguló a la baja. Los niveles de las proteínas Phospho-Y705-STAT3, phospho-S727-STAT1 y phospho-p38 también fueron significativamente más altos en macrófagos procedentes de ratones IRF-2(-/-) que en los macrófagos control. Los macrófagos IRF-2(-/-) mostraron un aumento de la expresión basal y de ARNm de caspasa-1 inducida por gliotoxina y una mayor actividad de caspasa-1. La inhibición farmacológica de STAT3 y caspasa-1 abolió la apoptosis inducida por gliotoxina en macrófagos IRF-2(-/-). Además, hemos encontrado un nuevo elemento de respuesta estimulado por IFN, identificado dentro del promotor murino de Casp1, que se determinó como funcional mediante EMSA y análisis de superdesplazamiento. En conjunto, estos datos apoyan la hipótesis de que IRF-2 actúa como un represor transcripcional de Casp1, y que la ausencia de IRF-2 hace que los macrófagos sean más sensibles a los estímulos apoptóticos en un proceso dependiente de caspasa-1.
IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-2−/− mice are significantly more resistant to LPS challenge than wild-type littermates, and this was correlated with increased numbers of apoptotic Kupffer cells. To assess the generality of this observation, and to understand the role of IRF-2 in apoptosis, responses of peritoneal macrophages from IRF-2+/+ and IRF-2−/− mice to apoptotic stimuli, including the fungal metabolite, gliotoxin, were compared. IRF-2−/− macrophages exhibited a consistently higher incidence of apoptosis that failed to correlate with caspase-3/7 activity. Using microarray gene expression profiling of liver RNA samples derived from IRF-2+/+ and IRF-2−/− mice treated with saline or LPS, we identified >40 genes that were significantly down-regulated in IRF-2−/− mice, including Stat3, which has been reported to regulate apoptosis. Compared with IRF-2+/+ macrophages, STAT3α mRNA was up-regulated constitutively or after gliotoxin treatment of IRF-2−/− macrophages, whereas STAT3β mRNA was down-regulated. Phospho-Y705-STAT3, phospho-S727-STAT1, and phospho-p38 protein levels were also significantly higher in IRF-2−/− than control macrophages. Activation of the STAT signaling pathway has been shown to elicit expression of CASP1 and apoptosis. IRF-2−/− macrophages exhibited increased basal and gliotoxin-induced caspase-1 mRNA expression and enhanced caspase-1 activity. Pharmacologic inhibition of STAT3 and caspase-1 abolished gliotoxin-induced apoptosis in IRF-2−/− macrophages. A novel IFN-stimulated response element, identified within the murine promoter of Casp1, was determined to be functional by EMSA and supershift analysis. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that IRF-2 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Casp1, and that the absence of IRF-2 renders macrophages more sensitive to apoptotic stimuli in a caspase-1-dependent process.
IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-2−/− mice are significantly more resistant to LPS challenge than wild-type littermates, and this was correlated with increased numbers of apoptotic Kupffer cells. To assess the generality of this observation, and to understand the role of IRF-2 in apoptosis, responses of peritoneal macrophages from IRF-2+/+ and IRF-2−/− mice to apoptotic stimuli, including the fungal metabolite, gliotoxin, were compared. IRF-2−/− macrophages exhibited a consistently higher incidence of apoptosis that failed to correlate with caspase-3/7 activity. Using microarray gene expression profiling of liver RNA samples derived from IRF-2+/+ and IRF-2−/− mice treated with saline or LPS, we identified >40 genes that were significantly down-regulated in IRF-2−/− mice, including Stat3, which has been reported to regulate apoptosis. Compared with IRF-2+/+ macrophages, STAT3α mRNA was up-regulated constitutively or after gliotoxin treatment of IRF-2−/− macrophages, whereas STAT3β mRNA was down-regulated. Phospho-Y705-STAT3, phospho-S727-STAT1, and phospho-p38 protein levels were also significantly higher in IRF-2−/− than control macrophages. Activation of the STAT signaling pathway has been shown to elicit expression of CASP1 and apoptosis. IRF-2−/− macrophages exhibited increased basal and gliotoxin-induced caspase-1 mRNA expression and enhanced caspase-1 activity. Pharmacologic inhibition of STAT3 and caspase-1 abolished gliotoxin-induced apoptosis in IRF-2−/− macrophages. A novel IFN-stimulated response element, identified within the murine promoter of Casp1, was determined to be functional by EMSA and supershift analysis. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that IRF-2 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Casp1, and that the absence of IRF-2 renders macrophages more sensitive to apoptotic stimuli in a caspase-1-dependent process.