Propuesta metodológica de Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes en Colombia
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2022
Defense date
14/09/2022
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Abstract
El concepto de Destino Turístico Inteligente –DTI, ha tomado relevancia en la última década, a nivel mundial. Esto se debe a la necesidad de mejorar la gestión de las ciudades, a través del uso de la innovación y la tecnología, para garantizar el desarrollo sostenible en los destinos, enfocado en mejorar la experiencia del turista y la calidad de vida de los residentes.
Los modelos desarrollados por España, a través del uso de indicadores, se han convertido en el referente a nivel mundial para conseguir la distinción como Destino Turístico Inteligente. No obstante, los destinos turísticos de los países desarrollados tienen características diferentes a los destinos de países en vía de desarrollo, como Colombia. En este sentido, se hace necesario adaptar los modelos existentes, con las particularidades de este territorio. De esta manera, este trabajo busca la adaptación del modelo de DTI español al colombiano, haciendo uso principalmente de la Norma Española UNE 178502 de 2022 y el modelo de DTI del Instituto Valenciano de Tecnologías Turísticas INVAT.TUR.
Después de realizar la investigación sobre las diferentes metodologías de diagnóstico implementadas a nivel mundial, y de desarrollar entrevistas con líderes de DTI a nivel latinoamericano y encuestas a expertos en turismo a nivel iberoamericano que han permitido determinar los criterios de selección de indicadores, se consiguió como resultado, diseñar la propuesta de metodología de diagnóstico para determinar el nivel de madurez de DTI en Colombia. Esta propuesta de metodología cuenta con 105 indicadores de gestión y resultados, distribuidos en 7 ejes estratégicos: Gobernanza, Sostenibilidad, Tecnología, Innovación, Accesibilidad, Seguridad y Competitividad empresarial.
Con la aplicación de esta metodología, los destinos en Colombia podrán conocer sus fortalezas y debilidades en materia de gestión turística. Además, conseguirán definir las acciones prioritarias para gestionar la actividad turísticas con mayor eficacia, en busca de transformarse en un Destino Turístico Inteligente con nivel de madurez alto.
The concept of smart tourism destinations - STDs, has become globally significant over the last decade. This is due to the need for improved city management with the use of innovation and technology, to guarantee sustainable development in destinations focused on improving the touristic experience and its resident’s quality of life. Models developed in Spain, with the use of indicators, have become a global benchmark for those wanting to achieve the distinction of Smart Tourism Destination. However, tourist destinations in developed countries have different characteristics to those destination countries in the process of developing, such as Colombia. This necessitates the adaptation of existing models to the distinguishing features of Colombia. Therefore, this work seeks to adapt the Spanish STD model for Colombia, making significant use of Standard UNE 178502 and the Valencia Institute of Tourism Technologies’ (INVAT.TUR) STD model. After investigating the different diagnostic methodologies implemented worldwide, conducting interviews with Latin American STD leaders and surveying Latin American tourism experts it was possible to determine the indicator selection criteria, and as a result, design a diagnostic methodology proposal to determine the STD maturity level in Colombia. The proposed methodology considers 105 management indicators and results distributed over 7 strategic axes: governance, sustainability, technology, innovation, accessibility, safety and business competitiveness Using this model, Colombian destinations will be able to understand their strengths and weaknesses in matters of tourism management. Furthermore, they will be able to define priority actions to efficiently manage tourism activity, in search of a highly mature STD status.
The concept of smart tourism destinations - STDs, has become globally significant over the last decade. This is due to the need for improved city management with the use of innovation and technology, to guarantee sustainable development in destinations focused on improving the touristic experience and its resident’s quality of life. Models developed in Spain, with the use of indicators, have become a global benchmark for those wanting to achieve the distinction of Smart Tourism Destination. However, tourist destinations in developed countries have different characteristics to those destination countries in the process of developing, such as Colombia. This necessitates the adaptation of existing models to the distinguishing features of Colombia. Therefore, this work seeks to adapt the Spanish STD model for Colombia, making significant use of Standard UNE 178502 and the Valencia Institute of Tourism Technologies’ (INVAT.TUR) STD model. After investigating the different diagnostic methodologies implemented worldwide, conducting interviews with Latin American STD leaders and surveying Latin American tourism experts it was possible to determine the indicator selection criteria, and as a result, design a diagnostic methodology proposal to determine the STD maturity level in Colombia. The proposed methodology considers 105 management indicators and results distributed over 7 strategic axes: governance, sustainability, technology, innovation, accessibility, safety and business competitiveness Using this model, Colombian destinations will be able to understand their strengths and weaknesses in matters of tourism management. Furthermore, they will be able to define priority actions to efficiently manage tourism activity, in search of a highly mature STD status.