Efectividad de la posición en shock y Trendelenburg como maniobra terapeútica y predictora en el paciente con inestabilidad hemodinámica: revisión bibliográfica
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2022
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INTRODUCCIÓN: la fluidoterapia y la colocación en posición de Trendelenburg y shock, son maniobras usadas ampliamente con el fin de mejorar la situación de inestabilidad hemodinámica en los pacientes que la presentan. Sin embargo, ninguna de las anteriores intervenciones está exenta de riesgos y el éxito de dicha fluidoterapia puede ser previamente definida con esa posición “en shock”. OBJETIVOS: analizar los efectos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos de estas maniobras, su efectividad como maniobras terapéuticas y guía a la fluidoterapia. METODOLOGÍA: se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica usando como base de datos PUBMED, CINAHL Y SCOPUS, artículos que estuviesen en castellano e inglés y que no tuvieran más de 5 años de antigüedad para la vertiente predictora y sin límite de tiempo para la vertiente terapéutica, con el fin de analizar el grado de cambio de la evidencia de este último a lo largo del tiempo. RESULTADOS: numerosos autores matizan la falta de persistencia de los efectos hemodinámicos del Trendelenburg cuando se estudiaba como maniobra terapéutica y una correlación significativa y positiva cuando se usaba para fines predictores. DISCUSIÓN: existe consenso en contra del uso del Trendelenburg como maniobra de resucitación. Sin embargo, aunque su uso como predictor a la fluidoterapia presenta numerosas limitaciones, representa una alternativa al “fluid challenge”. CONCLUSIÓN: los efectos hemodinámicos transitorios del Trendelenburg no justifican su uso como maniobra resucitadora pero sí predictora, con una buena sensibilidad, especificidad y correlación con los realmente respondedores a volumen.
INTRODUCTION: Fluid therapy, Trendelenburg and shock position, are widely used with the aim of improving hemodynamics in patients with hemodynamic instability. None of these positional maneuvers are free of risks, taking into account that shock position can be used as well as predicting fluid responsiveness. OBJECTIVES: the aim of this study is to analyze the physiological and pathological impact of these maneuvers and their efficacy as resuscitation maneuvers and as predictors of fluid responsiveness. METHODOLOGY: a bibliographic review was carried out using PubMed, CINAHL and SCOPUS database. The literature was selected upon no time criteria, if analyzing its therapeutics effects, and up to 5-year-old ones, for those analyzing its predictive effect. Moreover, the articles were also selected if they were only written down in English and / or Spanish. DISCUSSION: the authors established consensus against Trendelenburg use for resuscitation. On the other hand, although the studies analyzing its predictive effects have some limitations, shock position could be used as an alternative for the “fluid challenge”. CONCLUSION: the temporary hemodynamic effects of Trendelenburg do not provide support for its use as a resuscitation maneuver, but it does for its predictive, with a good sensibility, sensitivity and correlation with those truly responders.
INTRODUCTION: Fluid therapy, Trendelenburg and shock position, are widely used with the aim of improving hemodynamics in patients with hemodynamic instability. None of these positional maneuvers are free of risks, taking into account that shock position can be used as well as predicting fluid responsiveness. OBJECTIVES: the aim of this study is to analyze the physiological and pathological impact of these maneuvers and their efficacy as resuscitation maneuvers and as predictors of fluid responsiveness. METHODOLOGY: a bibliographic review was carried out using PubMed, CINAHL and SCOPUS database. The literature was selected upon no time criteria, if analyzing its therapeutics effects, and up to 5-year-old ones, for those analyzing its predictive effect. Moreover, the articles were also selected if they were only written down in English and / or Spanish. DISCUSSION: the authors established consensus against Trendelenburg use for resuscitation. On the other hand, although the studies analyzing its predictive effects have some limitations, shock position could be used as an alternative for the “fluid challenge”. CONCLUSION: the temporary hemodynamic effects of Trendelenburg do not provide support for its use as a resuscitation maneuver, but it does for its predictive, with a good sensibility, sensitivity and correlation with those truly responders.