Eco-Sanitary Regionalization of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in the Western Palearctic Realm as a Tool for the Stewardship of African Swine Fever
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2023
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Hindawi
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Aguilar-Vega C*, Munoz-Perez C, Sanchez-Vizcaino JM, Martinez-Aviles M and Bosch J. Eco-Sanitary Regionalization of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in the Western Palearctic Realm as a Tool for the Stewardship of African Swine Fever. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 8080496. 2024. (A). ISSN: 1865-1674. Impact factor 2022: 4.300. Category: Veterinary Sciences, Quartile: 1, Position: 7 of 143. DOI: 10.1155/2023/8080496
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral hemorrhagic disease affecting domestic and wild suids, with catastrophic socioeconomic impact worldwide. In the European scenario, wild boar (Sus scrofa) actively contributes to the maintenance and spread of the disease. In this study, we applied a multivariate clustering method to define ecoregions in the western Palearctic realm based on ecological and sanitary aspects of ASF in wild boar. Beforehand, we performed a principal components analysis for the eight selected variables. An analysis of the countries was carried out in terms of the extent of ecoregions and ASF notifications. After clustering, we identified nine eco-regions that showed important differences based on the used eco-sanitary variables. Several ecoregions stand out in the country and notification analysis for retaining the most ASF cases and being present in their surrounding locations. Here, we developed a cartographical tool to understand patterns in the distribution and spread of ASF in wild boar at the European level, as well as improve prevention, control, surveillance plans, and eradication strategies, especially future vaccination programs once a safe and effective vaccine is available.
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Authors’ contributions: CAV and JB designed the study. CAV developed the methodology, JB conducted data acquisition, and CMP and CAV curated the data and performed the analysis. CAV, JMSV, JB, and MM validated the results, while visualization was carried out by CAV. CAV and CMP wrote the first version of the manuscript, which was reviewed by JB, MM, and JMSV. Te author responsible for funding acquisition and project supervision was JMSV. All authors read and approved the defnitive version of this manuscript. Cecilia Aguilar–Vega and Carolina Muñoz–Perez contributed equally to this work.