Análisis de políticas de empleo en un entorno de modelos de búsqueda y crecimiento endógeno
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2022
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09/09/2021
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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En este trabajo se analizan un conjunto de políticas públicas de empleo, tanto a corto como a largo plazo, para tratar de medir principalmente los efectos sobre el crecimiento, el bienestar y el empleo, en un marco de modelos de crecimiento endógeno con fricciones en el mercado de trabajo (search and matching) calibrado para la economía estadounidense y se consideran diferentes extensiones y marcos en función de los distintos subobjetivos que se quieren alcanzar en cada uno de los capítulos que forman el trabajo.El capítulo 2 estudia el comportamiento del mercado de trabajo en el marco de un modelo de equilibrio general dinámico con crecimiento endógeno y acumulación de capital humano. Se analizan los efectos macroeconómicos de largo plazo de políticas públicas de empleo, tanto fiscales como de incentivos a la acumulación de capital humano (a través de la inversión pública en educación para la formación de sus trabajadores). De los resultados se obtiene que a la hora de elegir qué “tax mix” es más adecuado para conseguir mejoras en el empleo, el crecimiento y el bienestar, es preferible reducir la carga impositiva de los impuestos a los factores en favor del impuesto al consumo y siempre va a ser mejor recortar el impuesto a las rentas del trabajo en lugar del impuesto a las rentas del capital (al contrario de lo que se ha encontrado en la mayor parte de la literatura). Por el lado del gasto, elevar las transferencias no es una buena política fiscal mientras que fomentar la inversión pública en formación en las empresas sí tiene un impacto positivo sobre las variables de estudio; todo ello financiado con aumentos del impuesto al consumo o recurriendo a recortes en las trasferencias sociales de suma fija...
This paper analyzes a set of public employment policies, both in the short and long term, to try to measure mainly the effects on growth, welfare, and employment, within a framework of endogenous growth models with friction in the labor market (search and matching), calibrated for the US economy and different extensions and frameworks are considered depending on the different sub-objectives to be achieved in each of the chapters that make up the work.Chapter 2 studies the behavior of the labor market within the framework of a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous growth and accumulation of human capital. The long-term macroeconomic effects of public employment policies are analyzed, both fiscal and incentives for the accumulation of human capital (through public investment in education for the training of its workers). The results show that when choosing which “tax mix” is more appropriate to achieve improvements in employment, growth, and well-being, it is preferable to reduce the tax burden of factor taxes in favor of consumption tax and it is always going to be better to cut the earned income tax rather than the capital income tax (contrary to what has been found in most of the literature). On the expenditure side, increasing transfers is not a good fiscal policy while promoting public investment in training in companies does have a positive impact on the study variables; all financed with increases in the consumption tax or by resorting to cuts in fixed-sum social transfers...
This paper analyzes a set of public employment policies, both in the short and long term, to try to measure mainly the effects on growth, welfare, and employment, within a framework of endogenous growth models with friction in the labor market (search and matching), calibrated for the US economy and different extensions and frameworks are considered depending on the different sub-objectives to be achieved in each of the chapters that make up the work.Chapter 2 studies the behavior of the labor market within the framework of a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous growth and accumulation of human capital. The long-term macroeconomic effects of public employment policies are analyzed, both fiscal and incentives for the accumulation of human capital (through public investment in education for the training of its workers). The results show that when choosing which “tax mix” is more appropriate to achieve improvements in employment, growth, and well-being, it is preferable to reduce the tax burden of factor taxes in favor of consumption tax and it is always going to be better to cut the earned income tax rather than the capital income tax (contrary to what has been found in most of the literature). On the expenditure side, increasing transfers is not a good fiscal policy while promoting public investment in training in companies does have a positive impact on the study variables; all financed with increases in the consumption tax or by resorting to cuts in fixed-sum social transfers...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Análisis Económico y Economía Cuantitativa, leída el 09-09-2021