Sistema e institución de la libertad elementos clásicos de las filosofías del estado de Hegel y Kant para el debate sobre permanencia y caducidad de lo político moderno
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2025
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28/06/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Como se apunta en el título, esta tesis pretende localizar en las filosofías del Estado de Hegel y Kant un hito insuperado en una determinada manera de aproximarse al problema de las instituciones, y de reconocer el Estado como uno de los más importantes, si no el más importante, de los hechos institucionales modernos. Poniendo el foco en Hegel y Kant, la investigación pretende aislar y describir algunos elementos que caracterizan dos maneras muy diferentes de pensar el hecho institucional, pero que son inseparables ambas de una común comprensión de la filosofía como sistema, y como sistema de la libertad. La hipótesis que anima el estudio es que el fundamento de las apreciables divergencias en las respectivas filosofías jurídico-políticas de Hegel y Kant debe buscarse precisamente en el nivel metafísico de la respectiva comprensión de la relación que vincula la idea de libertad y la de sistema. Que una cierta teoría de los hechos institucionales, y singularmente (aunque no exclusivamente) del Estado, quede inscrita como parte o como momento necesario de sistemas de filosofía pura que no conocen otro fundamento que la libertad, y la exigencia racional de realización de la libertad, confiere a esa teoría un carácter normativo que denominamos aquí clásico, porque integra en una unidad coherente los rasgos esenciales de la autocomprensión de la existencia moderna, y porque a nuestro entender impulsa el proyecto moderno en una amplitud y una altura que no tenemos derecho a considerar superada...
As indicated in the title, this thesis aims to identify an unsurpassed milestone in the specific way we could approach to the problem of institutions and to recognize the State as one of the most important, if not the most important, of modern institutional facts within the philosophies of Hegel and Kant. By focusing on Hegel and Kant, the research seeks to isolate and describe some elements that characterize two very different ways of thinking about the institutional fact, yet both are inseparable from a shared understanding of philosophy as a system and as a system of freedom. The hypothesis driving the study is that the foundation of the significant divergences in the respective legal and political philosophies of Hegel and Kant should be precisely sought at the metaphysical level of their respective understanding of the relationship that links the idea of freedom and the idea of system. That a certain theory of institutional facts, particularly (though not exclusively) of the State, be inscribed as a part or necessary moment of systems of pure philosophy that acknowledge no other foundation than freedom and the rational demand for the realization of freedom, imparts to this theory a normative character that we refer to as classical. This is because it integrates the essential features of the self-understanding of modern existence into a coherent unity and, in our view, propels the modern project to a breadth and height that we would not be justified in considering surpassed...
As indicated in the title, this thesis aims to identify an unsurpassed milestone in the specific way we could approach to the problem of institutions and to recognize the State as one of the most important, if not the most important, of modern institutional facts within the philosophies of Hegel and Kant. By focusing on Hegel and Kant, the research seeks to isolate and describe some elements that characterize two very different ways of thinking about the institutional fact, yet both are inseparable from a shared understanding of philosophy as a system and as a system of freedom. The hypothesis driving the study is that the foundation of the significant divergences in the respective legal and political philosophies of Hegel and Kant should be precisely sought at the metaphysical level of their respective understanding of the relationship that links the idea of freedom and the idea of system. That a certain theory of institutional facts, particularly (though not exclusively) of the State, be inscribed as a part or necessary moment of systems of pure philosophy that acknowledge no other foundation than freedom and the rational demand for the realization of freedom, imparts to this theory a normative character that we refer to as classical. This is because it integrates the essential features of the self-understanding of modern existence into a coherent unity and, in our view, propels the modern project to a breadth and height that we would not be justified in considering surpassed...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, leída el 28-06-2024