Entrepreneurship capital in Spain and its impact on modern economic growth (1886–2000)
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2025
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Cambridge University Press
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Hernández-Barahona, J., Gil-López, Á., & San Román, E. (2025). Entrepreneurship capital in Spain and its impact on modern economic growth (1886–2000). Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 1–26. doi:10.1017/S0212610925100670
Abstract
Este trabajo explora la relación entre el emprendimiento, medido en número de nuevas empresas por millón de habitantes, y el crecimiento económico moderno en España entre 1886 y 2000. Nuestro análisis, siguiendo la metodología de Audretsch and Keilbach, parece confirmar que el emprendimiento tiene un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo sobre el PIB per cápita y la productividad laboral. Así, nuestro resultado cuestiona la interpretación clásica de que el factor empresarial ha obstaculizado el crecimiento económico del país. Además, utilizando datos sobre el tamaño y la forma jurídica de las nuevas empresas, nuestros resultados sugieren que ninguna de estas características ha constituido un factor determinante del desempeño económico español a largo plazo. Sin embargo, el impacto de ambas variables difiere en función de los años estudiados. Hasta donde sabemos, nuestro estudio es el primero en testar econométricamente la contribución a largo plazo del emprendimiento al crecimiento económico de España.
Abstract This paper explores the relationship between entrepreneurship, measured by the number of new firms per million inhabitants, and modern economic growth in Spain between 1886 and 2000. Following Audretsch and Keilbach’s methodology, our analysis seems to confirm that entrepreneurship has had a positive and statistically significant effect on GDP per capita and labor productivity. This finding challenges the traditional view that the entrepreneurial factor has hindered the country’s economic growth. Additionally, using data on the size and legal form of start-up firms, our results suggest that neither characteristic has been an important driver of Spain’s long-term economic growth. However, we find that the impact of both variables differs depending on the years studied. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to test econometrically the long-term contribution of entrepreneurship to Spain’s economic growth.
Abstract This paper explores the relationship between entrepreneurship, measured by the number of new firms per million inhabitants, and modern economic growth in Spain between 1886 and 2000. Following Audretsch and Keilbach’s methodology, our analysis seems to confirm that entrepreneurship has had a positive and statistically significant effect on GDP per capita and labor productivity. This finding challenges the traditional view that the entrepreneurial factor has hindered the country’s economic growth. Additionally, using data on the size and legal form of start-up firms, our results suggest that neither characteristic has been an important driver of Spain’s long-term economic growth. However, we find that the impact of both variables differs depending on the years studied. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to test econometrically the long-term contribution of entrepreneurship to Spain’s economic growth.
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