Protocolos de conservación y restauración aplicables a la colección de aves y mamíferos naturalizados del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (MNCM-CSIC)
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2016
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15/12/2015
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (MNCN-CSIC) data de 1776, momento en que se constituyó como Real Gabinete de Historia Natural con la adquisición de las colecciones de Pedro Franco Dávila (1711-1786). Posee una colección de mamíferos y aves formada por unos 57.000 especímenes preparados como pieles, fluidos, esqueletos y especímenes montados entre otros, provenientes principalmente del territorio español y de áreas de influencia colonial (América del Sur y Centroamérica, Guinea Ecuatorial, Filipinas y Marruecos). La colección de especímenes montados está compuesta por 3415 ejemplares que abarcan periodos desde el siglo XVIII hasta el XX, entre los que cabe destacar algunos ejemplares extintos. Las naturalizaciones más reconocidas, formando generalmente grupos biológicos, están realizadas por los hermanos Benedito. También cabe subrayar algún ejemplar de Rowland Ward Ltd. Las colecciones del museo han sufrido numerosos avatares y deterioros que han ocasionado pérdidas de ejemplares y daños diversos como ataques de plagas, desmembramientos, disociación, etc. Además, los ejemplares destinados a exposición poseen una estructura compleja y gran variedad de materiales diferentes en su constitución, lo que origina problemas técnicos para conservar íntegramente su morfología. Pero el problema más grave y acuciante es la falta de espacio y asignación económica, conservándose la gran mayoría de los ejemplares en unos almacenes en Arganda del Rey que no reúnen las condiciones medioambientales idóneas para su salvaguarda, por lo que siguen deteriorándose a pesar de haber sido restaurados. Actualmente varios de estos ejemplares requieren de operaciones de recuperación. Hoy en día en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid se están aplicando tratamientos de conservación preventiva y la intención de la presente tesis doctoral es investigar sobre aquellos criterios museísticos y de conservación y restauración que permitan establecer, a través de procedimientos científicos, los protocolos de actuación en el caso de las colecciones de aves y mamíferos de modo que complementen los trabajos ya realizados por esta institución...
The Natural History Museum in Madrid (MNCN-CSIC) dates from 1776, when it was founded as the Royal Cabinet of Natural History, acquiring Pedro Franco Davila’s (1711-1786) collections. It boasts a collection of birds and mammals made up of 57,000 specimens prepared as furs, fluids, skeletons and mounted specimens among others, originating from Spain and areas of colonial influence (South and Central America, Equatorial Guinea, the Philippines and Morocco). The collection of mounted specimens is made up of 3,415 exemplars, which range from the 18th to the 20th century, among which certain extinct specimens stand out. The best known taxidermy specimens, which usually form biological groups, were carried out by the Benedito brothers. There are also some pieces by Rowland Ward Ltd. The museum’s collections have suffered many vagaries and deterioration which have led to the loss of exemplars and different damage such as plagues, dismemberment, dissociation, etc. In addition to this, the pieces deigned for exhibition have a complex structure and are made of a wide variety of different materials, which creates technical problems when it comes to conserving their integral morphology. However, the most serious and urgent problem is the lack of space and funding: most of the exemplars are kept in Arganda del Rey in warehouses which do not meet the ideal environmental requirements for their upkeep, so that they continue to deteriorate despite having been restored. At present, several of these exemplars need recovery operations. National Museum of Natural Sciences in Madrid is currently applying preventative conservation treatment, and the aim of this doctoral thesis is to investigate such museum, conservation and restoration criteria as will allow us to establish, through scientific processes, the protocols for action in the case of the bird and mammal collection, so as to complement the work already under way by the institution...
The Natural History Museum in Madrid (MNCN-CSIC) dates from 1776, when it was founded as the Royal Cabinet of Natural History, acquiring Pedro Franco Davila’s (1711-1786) collections. It boasts a collection of birds and mammals made up of 57,000 specimens prepared as furs, fluids, skeletons and mounted specimens among others, originating from Spain and areas of colonial influence (South and Central America, Equatorial Guinea, the Philippines and Morocco). The collection of mounted specimens is made up of 3,415 exemplars, which range from the 18th to the 20th century, among which certain extinct specimens stand out. The best known taxidermy specimens, which usually form biological groups, were carried out by the Benedito brothers. There are also some pieces by Rowland Ward Ltd. The museum’s collections have suffered many vagaries and deterioration which have led to the loss of exemplars and different damage such as plagues, dismemberment, dissociation, etc. In addition to this, the pieces deigned for exhibition have a complex structure and are made of a wide variety of different materials, which creates technical problems when it comes to conserving their integral morphology. However, the most serious and urgent problem is the lack of space and funding: most of the exemplars are kept in Arganda del Rey in warehouses which do not meet the ideal environmental requirements for their upkeep, so that they continue to deteriorate despite having been restored. At present, several of these exemplars need recovery operations. National Museum of Natural Sciences in Madrid is currently applying preventative conservation treatment, and the aim of this doctoral thesis is to investigate such museum, conservation and restoration criteria as will allow us to establish, through scientific processes, the protocols for action in the case of the bird and mammal collection, so as to complement the work already under way by the institution...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Bellas Artes, Departamento de Pintura, leída el 15-12-2015