La otra ruptura del limes en el 406: la piratería en las provincias occidentales del Imperio
Loading...
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2012
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos da Universidade de Coimbra
Citations
Exportar
Citation
Álvarez Jiménez, D. (2012) «La otra ruptura del limes en el 406: la piratería en las provincias occidentales del Imperio», en F. Oliveira; J. L. Brandão; V. G. Mantas & R. Sanz (2012) A queda de Roma é o alvorecer da Europa, Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, pp. 83-102 [I.S.B.N.: 978-989-721-035-8].
Abstract
El último día del año 406 suevos, vándalos y alanos cruzaron el Rin conjuntamente con otros pueblos y penetraron en el Imperio. Este movimiento tuvo muy importantes consecuencias tanto a corto como a medio plazo. A lo largo de este artículo reevalúo la tradicional visión que la historiografía ha ofrecido de este acontecimiento y brindo una lectura alternativa de las fuentes que describieron esta penetración, poniendo particular énfasis en el análisis de la ruptura contemporánea de la frontera marítima del noroeste del Imperio y su interrelación con los movimientos terrestres anotados. Estimo la piratería germánica como un elemento fundamental tanto de este episodio como de los subsiguientes hechos históricos originados en esta precisa área geográfica.
The last day of the year 406, Sueves, Vandals and Alans crossed the Rhin alongside more barbarian peoples. This movement had very important repercussions on the end of the Western Roman Empire on short and medium range. On this paper I reassess the traditional historiographical view on this issue and I offer an alternative view of the sources that described this penetration, placing particular emphasis on the analysis of the contemporary rupture of the maritime frontier on North Western Roman empire and its relationship with the barbarian movements by land. I consider Germanic piracy as a fundamental factor on this specific episode and as in successive historical developments occurred on this geographical area.
The last day of the year 406, Sueves, Vandals and Alans crossed the Rhin alongside more barbarian peoples. This movement had very important repercussions on the end of the Western Roman Empire on short and medium range. On this paper I reassess the traditional historiographical view on this issue and I offer an alternative view of the sources that described this penetration, placing particular emphasis on the analysis of the contemporary rupture of the maritime frontier on North Western Roman empire and its relationship with the barbarian movements by land. I consider Germanic piracy as a fundamental factor on this specific episode and as in successive historical developments occurred on this geographical area.
Description
Referencias Bibliográficas:
• Alemany (2006), “La problemática de las Fuentes sobre la presencia alana en las Galias”, en J. López Quiroga; A. M. Martínez Tejera & J. Morín de Pablos, eds. Gallia e Hispania en el contexto de la presencia ‘germánica’ (ss. V-VII). Balances y perspectivas. Actas de la Mesa Redonda hispano-francesa celebrada en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) y en el Museo Arqueológico Regional de la Comunidad de Madrid (MAR) 19/ 20 Diciembre de 2005, Oxford, BAR IS 1534 307-315.
• J. Arce (2005), Bárbaros y romanos en Hispania. 400-507 A. D. Madrid, Marcial Pons Historia.
• P. Bartholomew (1984), “Fourth-Century Saxons», Britannia 15 169-185.
• R. Birley (2005), The Roman government of Britain. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
• J. M. Blázquez (1978), Historia económica de la Hispania romana. Madrid, Cristiandad.
• D. C. Braund (1993), “Piracy under the principate and the ideology of the imperial eradication”, en J. Rich y G. Shipley, ed. War and Society in the Roman World, London, Routledge 195-212.
• R. Brulet (1993), « Les dispositifs militaries du Bas-Empire en Gaule septentrionale », en F. Vallet & M. Kazanski, eds. L’armée romaine et les barbares du IIIe au VIIe siècle. Paris, Association Française d’Archéologie Merovingienne 135-148.
• R. W. Burgess (1990), “The Dark Ages Return to Fifth-Century Britain: The ‘Restored’ Gallic Chronicle Exploded”, Britannia 21 185-195.
• R. W. Burgess, (1994) “The Gallic Chronicle”, Britannia 25 240-243.
• T. S. Burns (1994), Barbarians within the gates of Rome. A study of Roman military policy and the barbarians, CA. 375-425 A. D. Indiana, Indiana University Press.
• P. J. Casey (1993), “The end of fort garrisons on Hadrian’s Wall: a hypothetical model”, en F. Vallet & M. Kazanski, eds. L’armée romaine et les barbares du IIIe au VIIe siècle. Paris, Association Française d’Archéologie Merovingienne 259-267.
• Courtois (1955), Les Vandales et l’Afrique. Paris, Arts et Métiers Graphiques.
• E. Demougeot (1979), La formation de l’Europe et les invasions barbares. De l’avènement de Dioclétien (284) à l’occupation germanique de l’Empire romain d’Occident (début du VIe siècle). 2 Vol. Paris, Éditions Aubier Montaigne.
• J. F. Drinkwater (1998), “The usurpers Constantine III (407-411) and Jovinus (411-413)”, Britannia 29 269-298.
• K. Ehling (1996) “Zur Geschichte Constantins III”, Francia 23/1 1-11.
• N. Faulkner (2001) The decline and fall of Roman Britain. Stroud, Tempus Publishing.
• N. Faulkner, (2004) “The Case for the Dark Ages”, en R. Collins & J. Gerrard, eds. Debating Late Antiquity in Britain AD 300-700. Oxford, BAR BS 365 5-12.
• S. S. Frere (19873) Britannia. A History of Roman Britain (Third edition, extensively revised). London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
• W. Goffart (2006) Barbarian tides. The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press.
• P. Heather (2006) La Caída del Imperio Romano. Barcelona, Crítica.
• Y. Hollevoet (2004) “Le site militaire d’Oudenburg et la Bretagne insulaire durant l’Antiquité tardive ; quelques éléments inédits”, en F. Vermeulen; K. Sas & W. Dhaeze, eds. Archaeology in confrontation. Aspects of Roman military presence in the Northwest. Studies in honour of Prof. Em. Hugo Thoen. Ghent, Archaeological Reports Ghent University 2 335-342.
• S. Johnson (1976), The Roman forts of the Saxon Shore. London, Paul Elek.
• S. Johnson, (1980), Later Roman Britain. London Book Club Associates.
• E. Johnston, ed. (1977), The Saxon Shore. London, CBA Research Report 18.
• M. E. Jones (1996), The end of Roman Britain. Cornell, Cornell University Press.
• M. E. Jones & P. J. Casey (1988), “The Gallic Chronicle Restored: A Chronology for the Anglo-Saxon Invasions and the End of Roman Britain”, Britannia 19 367-398.
• M. E. Jones & P. J. Casey, (1991) “The Gallic Chronicle Exploded?”, Britannia 22 212-215.
• M. Kulikowski (2000), “Barbarians in Gaul, Usurpers in Britain”, Britannia 31 325-345.
• M. Lyne (1999), “The end of the Saxon Shore fort system in Britain: new evidence from Richborough, Pevensey and Portchester”, en N. Gudea, ed. Roman Frontier Studies. Proceedings of the XVIIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. Cluj-Napoca, The County Council of Sãlaj 283-292.
• Mattingly (2006), An Imperial possession. Britain and the Roman Empire. London, Penguin Books.
• V. A. Maxfield, ed. (1989), The Saxon Shore. A handbook. Exeter, Exeter Studies in History 25.
• S. Mazzarino (1942), Stilicone. La crisi imperiale dopo Teodosio. Roma, Angelo Signorelli.
• M. Miller (1975), “Stilicho’s Pictish war”, Britannia 6 141-145.
• M. Miller, (1978-1980) Hiberni reversuri, en Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 110 305-327.
• L. Musset (1973), Las Oleadas Germánicas. Barcelona, Ed. Labor.
• Pearson (2002), The Roman Shore Forts. Coastal defences of southern Britain. Stroud, Tempus.
• W. Pohl (2004), “The Vandals: fragments of a narrative”, en A. H. Merrills, ed. Vandals, Romans and Berbers. New perspectives on Late Antique North Africa. Aldershot, Ashgate 31-48.
• M. Provost (1982), “La piraterie sur les côtes de la Gaule romaine a la fin du IIe siècle et au début du IIIe siècle de notre ère”, Enquêtes et Documents 7 5-33.
• M. Reddé; R. Brulet; R. Fellmann; J. K. Haalebos & S. von Schnurbein (2006), Les fortifications militaires. Bourdeaux, Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.
• P. Salway (1981), Roman Britain. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
• J. Sanz Huesma (2005) “Usurpaciones en Britania (406-407): hipótesis sobre sus causas y protagonistas”, Gerión 25 315-324.
• L. Schmidt (1953), Histoire des Vandales. Paris, Payot.
• H. H. Scullard (1991), Roman Britain. Outpost of the Empire. London, Thames and Hudson Ltd..
• Seillier (1977), “The Gallic evidence. Boulougne and coastal defences in the 4th and 5th centuries”, en D. E. Johnston, ed. The Saxon Shore. London, CBA Research Report 18 35-38.
• Seillier (1977), (1993), “Les Germains dans l’armée romaine tardive en Gaule septentrionale. Le témoignage de l’archéologie”, en F. Vallet & M. Kazanski, eds. L’armée romaine et les barbares du IIIe au VIIe siècle. Paris,Association Française d’Archéologie Merovingienne 187-194.
• Stein (1959), Histoire du Bas-Empire. Tome I, De l’état romain à l’état byzantin (284-476). Bruxelles, Desclée de Brouwer.
• E. Stevens (1957), “Marcus, Gratian, Constantine ”, Athenaeum 35 316- 347.
• Teurfs (2001), “L’évolution du système défensif de la civitas Tungrorum au Bas-Empire romain et l’installation des lètes (355-461 AP. J.-C.). Étude historique et archéologique”, Bulletin de l’Institute Archéologique Liégois 110 5-18.
• A. Thompson (1977), “Britain, A. D. 406-410 ”, Britannia 8 303-318.
• A. Thompson (1977), (1982), Romans and Barbarians. The Decline of the Western Empire. Madison, The University of Wisconsin Press.
• A. Thompson (1983), “Fifth-Century Facts?”, Britannia 14 272-274.
• W. A. Van Es (1967), Wijster. A native village beyond the imperial frontier 150- 425 A.D. Groningen, J. B. Wolters.
• S. Vanhoutte (2009), “The Saxon Shore fort at Oudenburg (Belgium): new excavation results”, en A. Morillo; N. Hanel & E. Martín, eds. Limes XX. Estudios sobre la frontera romana. Roman frontier Studies. Madrid, Vol. 3, Anejo de Gladius 13, Ediciones Polifemo 1383-1392.
• Vermeulen (2004), “Roads for soldiers and civilians in the Civitas Menapiorum”, en F. Vermeulen; K. Sas & W. Dhaeze, eds. Archaeology in confrontation. Aspects of Roman military presence in the Northwest. Studies in honour of Prof. Em. Hugo Thoen. Ghent, Archaeological Reports Ghent University 2 Ghent, pp. 125-141.
• C. R. Whittaker (1993), “Landlords and Warlords in the Later Roman Empire”, en J. Rich & G. Shipley, ed. War and Society in the Roman World. London, Routledge 277-302.
• Wolfram (1997), The Roman Empire and its Germanic peoples. Berkeley, University of California Press.
• Woolf (2003), “The Britons: from Romans to Barbarians”, en H. W. Goetz; J. Jörg & W. Pohl, eds. Regna and Gentes, The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World. Leiden, Brill 345-380.