Explicaciones y representaciones de la violencia de jóvenes escolares brasileños
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Publication date
2013
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Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte: Ministerio de Educación. Centro de Publicaciones
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La violencia protagonizada por jóvenes ha sido objeto del análisis científico en numerosas ocasiones. En este trabajo se pretende acceder al discurso de los jóvenes, ya sea en su papel de agresores o en el de víctimas, para determinar cómo viven la violencia en diversos ámbitos. Se analizan, mediante entrevistas de grupo repetidas, las explicaciones y representaciones de la violencia en diferentes contextos (la familia, la escuela y el barrio) de dos grupos de jóvenes (14-17 años) que asisten a la misma escuela de la periferia de Rio Claro (São Paulo, Brasil); uno de estos grupos está identificado por la institución escolar como violento y el otro como no violento. Del análisis del discurso se puede llegar a dos conclusiones: por un lado, los diferentes contextos de violencia cargan esas experiencias de desconfianza en las instituciones, en el entorno y en las relaciones personales, lo que conforma un entramado que nubla las posibilidades de futuro; por otro lado, el grupo de jóvenes identificados como violentos tiene una visión más simplista y pesimista de la realidad; estos jóvenes la ven en términos de blanco o negro y desconfían de la posibilidad de evitar la violencia; en consecuencia, la utilizan y la entienden como una estrategia defensiva y de identidad. En cambio, el grupo identificado como no violento considera posible intervenir en las situaciones con herramientas no violentas, como la palabra. La violencia para los jóvenes analizados es un contexto que asumen, que anula la capacidad identificadora de normas e instituciones, pero que no genera una estrategia eficaz de interacción. La violencia hipertrofia el microcontexto social de los jóvenes y en este la acción se impone al sentido o el sentido es la acción. Cualquier estrategia de intervención tiene que tener en cuenta esta indisoluble unidad entre sentido y acción.
The violence staged by young people has often been subjected to scientific analysis. The way youths speak, in their role as aggressors or as victims, is examined to determine how they experience violence in a number of different spheres. Repeated group interviews are used to analyze how violence is explained and depicted within the family, at school and in the neighbourhood by two groups of young people (14-17 years old) attending the same school on the outskirts of Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil. One of the groups involved is identified by the school as violent, and the other, as non-violent. Discourse analysis leads to two conclusions. First, the different contexts of violence infuse a mistrust of institutions, the environment and personal relationships into the subjects’ experience, forming a fabric that clouds future prospects. Second, the group of youths identified as violent have a more simplistic, pessimistic view of reality: They see the world in black and white, and they lay no stock in the possibility that violence can be avoided. Consequently, they use violence and understand violence as a defensive strategy that gives one identity. On the other hand, the group identified as nonviolent feels it possible to intervene in situations with nonviolent tools like words. For the young subjects, violence is a context that they assume; it cancels their ability to identify rules and institutions, but it does not generate an effective interaction strategy. Violence causes their social microcontext (in which action prevails over meaning or meaning equals action) to assume overblown dimensions. Any intervention strategy must take into account this indissoluble unity between meaning and action.
The violence staged by young people has often been subjected to scientific analysis. The way youths speak, in their role as aggressors or as victims, is examined to determine how they experience violence in a number of different spheres. Repeated group interviews are used to analyze how violence is explained and depicted within the family, at school and in the neighbourhood by two groups of young people (14-17 years old) attending the same school on the outskirts of Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil. One of the groups involved is identified by the school as violent, and the other, as non-violent. Discourse analysis leads to two conclusions. First, the different contexts of violence infuse a mistrust of institutions, the environment and personal relationships into the subjects’ experience, forming a fabric that clouds future prospects. Second, the group of youths identified as violent have a more simplistic, pessimistic view of reality: They see the world in black and white, and they lay no stock in the possibility that violence can be avoided. Consequently, they use violence and understand violence as a defensive strategy that gives one identity. On the other hand, the group identified as nonviolent feels it possible to intervene in situations with nonviolent tools like words. For the young subjects, violence is a context that they assume; it cancels their ability to identify rules and institutions, but it does not generate an effective interaction strategy. Violence causes their social microcontext (in which action prevails over meaning or meaning equals action) to assume overblown dimensions. Any intervention strategy must take into account this indissoluble unity between meaning and action.