Study of cardiovascular risk in university workers
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2024
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FOHNEU
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Martín-Hernández MM, Meneses-Monroy A, Moreno-Pimentel AG, Mayor-Silva LI, Moreno-Muñoz G, Rodríguez-Pedrosa MI, De Pedro-Jiménez D. Study of cardiovascular risk in university workers. Eur J Occ Health Nurs. 2024; 3(2):4-15. DOI:10.70324/ejohn.v3i2.37IntroductionThis work represents an approach to the knowledge of cardiovascular risk in university workers and its relationship with their job. The main tasks of university professors are teaching and research, while administration and service workers are responsible for administrative management, provision of services or support for teaching and research, more sedentary tasks. More sedentary jobs are associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors. This consequence is independent of sociodemographic factors, diet, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity since it would not be regulated by greater caloric intake, but by lower energy expenditure (1, 2, 3).Cardiovascular diseases are a set of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. At the beginning of the 21st century, they became the main cause of mortality and morbidity and mortality worldwide (4). According to the latest statistics published by the National Institute of Statistics of Spain, in 2021, 26.4% of deaths were due to diseases of the circulatory system (5).Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease occurs as atheroma plaques accumulate, formed mainly by fat on the walls of the arteries. This can progressively evolve and cause more serious cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease, peripheral artery disease and stroke.According to the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guideline on the prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice, the rate of atherosclerotic disease is decreasing considerably in Europe, although it still causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. Among the main risk factors are cholesterol along with low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes mellitus and smoking. This guide points out other factors such as
Abstract
Objetive: to analyze the differential cardiovascular risk profile between university professors and administration and service workers.Methods: A retrospectiveobservational study of a sample of 1,245 workers from a public university in Madrid. Sociodemographic variables (sex, age), physiological variables (BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL) and lifestyle variables (physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) were analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Chi-Square test were used.Results:66.7% (n = 830) were university professors compared to 33.3% (n = 415) of administration and service workers. In this last group there was a higher proportion of women (62.9% vs 52.2%, p<0.001), a higher median age (53 [24-66] vs 45 [23-73], p<0.001). Regarding the cardiovascular risk variables, the administration and service workers group presented a higher percentage of smokers (21.7% vs 11.3%, p<0.001), a lower proportion of daily drinkers (7.0% vs 8.5%, p< 0.003), higher BMI (25 vs 24.1 p<0.001), higher LDL cholesterol levels (116 vs 111 p<0.03) and total cholesterol (194.2 vs 188 p<0.004). This group also presented higher levels of systolic (121 vs 118 p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (74 vs 71 p<0.001). ). No differences were found in the rest of the variables.Conclusions:Lipid levels, blood pressure and smoking are significantly higher in PAS. It is necessary to study the possible influence of working conditions on the cardiovascular risk of these workers