A High Adherence to Six Food Targets of the Mediterranean Diet in the Late First Trimester is Associated with a Reduction in the Risk of Materno-Foetal Outcomes: The St. Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study

Assaf Balut, Carla; García De La Torre, Nuria; Fuentes, Manuel; Durán Rodríguez-Hervada, Alejandra; Bordiú, Elena; Valle, Laura Del; Valerio, Johanna; Jiménez, Inés; Herraiz Martínez, Miguel Ángel; Izquierdo Méndez, Nuria; Torrejón, María; De Miguel Novoa, María De La Paz; Barabash Bustelo, Ana; Cuesta, Martín; Rubio Herrera, Miguel Ángel; Calle Pascual, Alfonso Luis

A High Adherence to Six Food Targets of the Mediterranean Diet in the Late First Trimester is Associated with a Reduction in the Risk of Materno-Foetal Outcomes: The St. Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010066

Publication date

2018

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MDPI

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URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/12581

Citation

Assaf Balut, C., García De La Torre, N., Fuentes, M. et al. «A High Adherence to Six Food Targets of the Mediterranean Diet in the Late First Trimester Is Associated with a Reduction in the Risk of Materno-Foetal Outcomes: The St. Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study». Nutrients, vol. 11, n.o 1, diciembre de 2018, p. 66. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010066.

Abstract

A prenatal diet affects materno-foetal outcomes. This is a post hoc analysis of the St. Carlos gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) Prevention Study. It aims to evaluate the effect of a late first-trimester (>12 gestational weeks) degree of adherence to a MedDiet pattern—based on six food targets—on a composite of materno-foetal outcomes (CMFCs). The CMFCs were defined as having emergency C-section, perineal trauma, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, prematurity, large-for-gestational-age, and/or small-for-gestational-age. A total of 874 women were stratified into three groups according to late first-trimester compliance with six food targets: >12 servings/week of vegetables, >12 servings/week of fruits, <2 servings/week of juice, >3 servings/week of nuts, >6 days/week consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and ≥40 mL/day of EVOO. High adherence was defined as complying with 5–6 targets; moderate adherence 2–4 targets; low adherence 0–1 targets. There was a linear association between high, moderate, and low adherence, and a lower risk of GDM, CMFCs, urinary tract infections (UTI), prematurity, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns (all p < 0.05). The odds ratios (95% CI) for GDM and CMFCs in women with a high adherence were 0.35((0.18–0.67), p = 0.002) and 0.23((0.11–0.48), p < 0.001), respectively. Late first-trimester high adherence to the predefined six food targets is associated with a reduction in the risk of GDM, CMFCs, UTI, prematurity, and SGA new-borns.