An Early Mediterranean-Based Nutritional Intervention during Pregnancy Reduces Metabolic Syndrome and Glucose Dysregulation Rates at 3 Years Postpartum

Melero, Verónica; Arnoriaga, Maria; Barabash Bustelo, Ana; Valerio, Johanna; del Valle, Laura; Martín O'Connor, Rocío; De Miguel Novoa, María De La Paz; Díaz Pérez, José Ángel; Familiar, Cristina; Moraga, Inmaculada; Durán Rodríguez-Hervada, Alejandra; Cuesta, Martín; Torrejón, María José; Martínez Novillo, Mercedes; Moreno, María; Romera, Gisela; Runkle De La Vega, Isabel Ana; Pazos, Mario; Rubio Herrera, Miguel Ángel; Matía Martín, María Del Pilar; Calle Pascual, Alfonso Luis

An Early Mediterranean-Based Nutritional Intervention during Pregnancy Reduces Metabolic Syndrome and Glucose Dysregulation Rates at 3 Years Postpartum

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Official URL

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143252

Publication date

2023

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MDPI

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URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/103977

Citation

Melero, V., Arnoriaga, M., Barabash, A., Valerio, J., Del Valle, L., Martin O'Connor, R., de Miguel, M. P., Diaz, J. A., Familiar, C., Moraga, I., Duran, A., Cuesta, M., Torrejon, M. J., Martinez-Novillo, M., Moreno, M., Romera, G., Runkle, I., Pazos, M., Rubio, M. A., Matia-Martín, P., … Calle-Pascual, A. L. (2023). An Early Mediterranean-Based Nutritional Intervention during Pregnancy Reduces Metabolic Syndrome and Glucose Dysregulation Rates at 3 Years Postpartum. Nutrients, 15(14), 3252. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143252

Abstract

A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)-based intervention reduces the rate of immediate postpartum maternal metabolic disorders. Whether these effects persist long-term remains to be determined. A total of 2526 normoglycemic women were randomized before the 12th gestational week (GW). IG women followed a MedDiet with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) (>40 mL/day) and a handful of nuts daily, whereas CG women had to restrict all kinds of dietary fat. At 3 months postpartum, a motivational lifestyle interview was held. The endpoint of the study evaluated the rate of abnormal glucose regulation (AGR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) at 3 years postpartum in women of the San Carlos cohort. A total of 369/625 (59%) CG women and 1031/1603 (64.3%) IG women were finally analyzed. At 3 months and 3 years postdelivery, the IG women showed higher adherence to the MedDiet, which was associated with lower values of body mass index (BMI) and lipid and glycemic profiles. Body weight change and waist circumference were lower in the IG women. After applying multiple regression analysis, the ORs (95%CI) resulted in AGR (3.18 (2.48–4.08); p < 0.001)/MetS (3.79 (1.81–7.95); p = 0.001) for women with GDM and higher OR for development of MetS in CG women (3.73 (1.77–7.87); p = 0.001). A MedDiet-based intervention early in pregnancy demonstrated persistent beneficial effects on AGR and MetS rates at 3 years postpartum.

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2023 Descuento MDPI