El desarrollo de las estrategias infantiles: un estudio sobre el razonamiento aditivo y multiplicativo
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2008
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Universidad de Murcia
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Rodríguez Marcos, P., Lago Marcos, M. O., Caballero, S., Dopico Crespo, C., Jiménez, L., & Solbes Canales, I. (2008). El desarrollo de las estrategias infantiles: un estudio sobre el razonamiento aditivo y multiplicativo. Anales de psicología, 24(2), 240-252.
Abstract
Los niños pequeños tienen un conjunto de habilidades matemáticas que les permite enfrentarse con éxito a problemas con estructura aditiva y multiplicativa. Con objeto de determinar el alcance de esta afirmación, hemos evaluado a los mismos niños en dos ocasiones (i.e., cuando tenían 4-5 años y posteriormente a los 5-6 años) en problemas de Cambio y Grupos Iguales, usando objetos para facilitar el proceso de representación de las cantidades. Los resultados mostraron que: (1) el nivel de rendimiento de los niños, independientemente del momento de medición, era muy elevado en todos los problemas; (2) tan sólo se observó un cierto retroceso en el rendimiento en los problemas de sustracción; (3) en todos los problemas los procedimientos de resolución se basaban en general en la representación directa de las cantidades; (4) las estrategias de conteo aparecían exclusivamente en los problemas de adición y sustracción y las de conocimientos derivados, principalmente, en los de multiplicación y división; (5) la variabilidad de las estrategias dependía del tipo de operación y momento de medición y finalmente, (6) el cambio de estrategias era gradual y no abrupto.
Young children posses a wide range of arithmetical abilities that enable them to successfully face word problem, with additive and multiplicative structures. To test this, we have assessed the participants twice (i.e., when they were 4 to 5 years old and when they were 5 to 6 years old) with Change and Equal Groups problems, where objects were available to ease the representation of the quantities of the problems. The result showed that: (1) the level of children’s success was very high, regardless the moment of assessment and the kind of problem; (2) only the subtraction problems registered a decrease during the second assessment; (3) the procedures of resolution were mainly based on the direct representation of the quantities for all kind of problems; (4) the counting strategies were used only in the additive and subtractive problems, while the derived fact strategies were mainly applied in the multiplication and division problems; (5) the variability in the use of the strategies was affected by the kind of operation involved in the problem and the moment of the assessment; and finally (6) strategy change seemed to be gradual rather than abrupt.
Young children posses a wide range of arithmetical abilities that enable them to successfully face word problem, with additive and multiplicative structures. To test this, we have assessed the participants twice (i.e., when they were 4 to 5 years old and when they were 5 to 6 years old) with Change and Equal Groups problems, where objects were available to ease the representation of the quantities of the problems. The result showed that: (1) the level of children’s success was very high, regardless the moment of assessment and the kind of problem; (2) only the subtraction problems registered a decrease during the second assessment; (3) the procedures of resolution were mainly based on the direct representation of the quantities for all kind of problems; (4) the counting strategies were used only in the additive and subtractive problems, while the derived fact strategies were mainly applied in the multiplication and division problems; (5) the variability in the use of the strategies was affected by the kind of operation involved in the problem and the moment of the assessment; and finally (6) strategy change seemed to be gradual rather than abrupt.













