Composición de aceites esenciales de diferentes especies de “pimienta” de los géneros Piper, Pimenta, Lindera, Ruta, Schinus y Zanthoxylum
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2020
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Se ha extraído mediante hidrodestilación el aceite esencial de diez especies usadas como pimienta: Piper borbonense, P. capense, P. retrofractum, P. nigrum, Zanthoxylum bungeanum y Z. armatum, Lindera neesiana, Ruta chalepensis, Schinus terebenthifolia, Pimenta dioica. Los análisis realizados mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas encontraron que todas presentan β-felandreno y derivados de cariofileno y felandreno, siendo estos compuestos de propiedades pungentes los característicos de la especia pimienta. El rendimiento de esencia varía desde 0,43% para R. chalepensis hasta 7,61% para P. borbonense. Los compuestos mayoritarios fueron: P. borbonense (α-felandreno, 12,43%), P. capense (δ-cadineno, 25,59%,), P. retrofractum (γ-cadineno, 31,63%), P. nigrum ((E)-β-cariofileno, 22,88%), P. dioica (eugenol, 48,93%), L. neesiana (miristicina, 14,13%), R. chalepensis (2-undecanona, 64,93%), S. therebenthifolia (δ-3-careno, 29,21%), Z. armatum (linalool, 53,30%); Z. bungeanum (linalool, 64,09%). Todo esto muestra las diferencias en el metabolismo secundario de las pimientas y por tanto sus posibles aplicaciones en diferentes industrias.
The essential oil of ten species used as pepper has been extracted by hydrodistillation: Piper borbonense, P. capense, P. retrofractum, P. nigrum, Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Z. armatum, Lindera neesiana, Ruta chalepensis, Schinus terebenthifolia, Pimenta dioica. The analyzes carried out by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry found that all of them present β-phellandrene and derivatives of caryophyllene and phellandrene, these compounds with pungent properties being characteristic of the pepper spice. The yield of essence varies from 0.43% for R. chalepensis to 7.61% for P. borbonense. The major compounds were: P. borbonense (α-phellandrene, 12.43%), P. capense (δ-cadinene, 25.59%,), P. retrofractum (γ-cadinene, 31.63%), P. nigrum ((E) –β-caryophyllene, 22.88%), P. dioica (eugenol, 48.93%), L. neesiana (myristicin, 14.13%), R. chalepensis (2-undecanone, 64, 93%), S. therebenthifolia (δ-3-carene, 29.21%), Z. armatum (linalool, 53.30%); Z. bungeanum (linalool, 64.09%). All this shows the differences in the secondary metabolism of peppers and therefore their possible applications in different industries.
The essential oil of ten species used as pepper has been extracted by hydrodistillation: Piper borbonense, P. capense, P. retrofractum, P. nigrum, Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Z. armatum, Lindera neesiana, Ruta chalepensis, Schinus terebenthifolia, Pimenta dioica. The analyzes carried out by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry found that all of them present β-phellandrene and derivatives of caryophyllene and phellandrene, these compounds with pungent properties being characteristic of the pepper spice. The yield of essence varies from 0.43% for R. chalepensis to 7.61% for P. borbonense. The major compounds were: P. borbonense (α-phellandrene, 12.43%), P. capense (δ-cadinene, 25.59%,), P. retrofractum (γ-cadinene, 31.63%), P. nigrum ((E) –β-caryophyllene, 22.88%), P. dioica (eugenol, 48.93%), L. neesiana (myristicin, 14.13%), R. chalepensis (2-undecanone, 64, 93%), S. therebenthifolia (δ-3-carene, 29.21%), Z. armatum (linalool, 53.30%); Z. bungeanum (linalool, 64.09%). All this shows the differences in the secondary metabolism of peppers and therefore their possible applications in different industries.