Teaching the nature of science through biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil: a literature review with experimental insights
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2025
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
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Peña-Martínez, J., Beltrán-Martínez, J., Cano-Ortiz, A., & Rosales-Conrado, N. (2025). Teaching the Nature of Science Through Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil: A Literature Review with Experimental Insights. Sustainable Chemistry, 6(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem6020015
Abstract
This work reviews the use of biodiesel synthesis experiments in science education, emphasising their potential for explicit nature of science (NOS) teaching. Through a literature review and experimental insights, it highlights how transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with a basic catalyst can serve as an educational tool. While biodiesel reaction conditions are well-documented, this study presents them in a pedagogical context. Simple viscosity and density measurements illustrate empirical analysis, while a design of experiments (DoE) approach using a Hadamard matrix introduces systematic optimisation and scientific reasoning. By integrating biodiesel synthesis with explicit NOS instruction, this work provides educators with a framework to foster critical thinking and a deeper understanding of scientific inquiry. Additionally, this approach aligns with green chemistry principles and resource efficiency, reinforcing the broader relevance of sustainable chemistry.
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