Evaluación de bacterias lácticas salvajes y recombinantes productoras de bacteriocinas y no bacteriocinogénicas como probióticos para la acuicultura
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2024
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18/07/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Desde hace años, la acuicultura se ha propuesto como la mejor alternativa para la obtención de proteína animal de alta calidad para la alimentación de una población humana en constante crecimiento; sin embargo, su sobre-intensificación ha generado un aumento de la incidencia de enfermedades infecciosas, alguna de ellas potencialmente zoonóticas, entre las que destaca la lactococosis, producida por Lactococcus garvieae. En este contexto, tradicionalmente, se han utilizado antibióticos, muchas veces de forma abusiva y como tratamientos profilácticos, así como vacunas, para el control de las principales ictiopatologías de relevancia en la acuicultura. No obstante, el abuso del empleo de antibióticos ha provocado la actual crisis global de (multi)resistencias a estos compuestos antimicrobianos. Asimismo, a pesar de su innegable utilidad, sólo existen vacunas para ciertas especies y, además, implican un coste económico elevado, provocan estrés en los animales, suponen riesgos laborales, requieren de animales inmunocompetentes y no siempre son efectivas. Ante esta situación, se ha propuesto el empleo de probióticos como estrategia alternativa o complementaria a la quimioterapia y la vacunación para el control de las enfermedades de los peces. En este contexto, el objetivo global de esta Tesis Doctoral es la evaluación y caracterización de bacterias lácticas (BAL), productoras de bacteriocinas y no bacteriocinogénicas, tanto salvajes como recombinantes, para su potencial empleo como probióticos en la acuicultura, como estrategia alternativa o complementaria a la antibioterapia y la vacunación, para el control de las principales ictiopatologías de relevancia en la acuicultura actual...
For years, aquaculture has been proposed as the best alternative for obtaining high-quality animal protein to feed a ceaseless growing human population; however, its over-intensification has generated an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases, some of them potentially zoonotic, among which lactococcosis, produced by Lactococcus garvieae, stands out. In this context, antibiotics have traditionally been used, often abusively and as prophylactic treatments, as well as vaccines, to control the main ichthyopathologies of relevance in aquaculture. However, the abuse of antibiotics has caused the current global crisis of (multi)resistance to these antimicrobial compounds. Likewise, despite their undeniable usefulness, vaccines are only available for certain species and, furthermore, they imply a high economic cost, cause stress in the animals, pose occupational risks, require immunocompetent animals and are not always effective. Given this situation, the use of probiotics has been proposed as an alternative or complementary strategy to chemotherapy and vaccination for the control of fish diseases. In this context, the overall objective of this Doctoral Thesis is the evaluation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing and non-bacteriocinogenic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), both wild and recombinant, for their potential use as probiotics in aquaculture, as an alternative or complementary strategy to antibiotic therapy and vaccination, for the control of the main ichthyopathologies of relevance in current aquaculture...
For years, aquaculture has been proposed as the best alternative for obtaining high-quality animal protein to feed a ceaseless growing human population; however, its over-intensification has generated an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases, some of them potentially zoonotic, among which lactococcosis, produced by Lactococcus garvieae, stands out. In this context, antibiotics have traditionally been used, often abusively and as prophylactic treatments, as well as vaccines, to control the main ichthyopathologies of relevance in aquaculture. However, the abuse of antibiotics has caused the current global crisis of (multi)resistance to these antimicrobial compounds. Likewise, despite their undeniable usefulness, vaccines are only available for certain species and, furthermore, they imply a high economic cost, cause stress in the animals, pose occupational risks, require immunocompetent animals and are not always effective. Given this situation, the use of probiotics has been proposed as an alternative or complementary strategy to chemotherapy and vaccination for the control of fish diseases. In this context, the overall objective of this Doctoral Thesis is the evaluation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing and non-bacteriocinogenic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), both wild and recombinant, for their potential use as probiotics in aquaculture, as an alternative or complementary strategy to antibiotic therapy and vaccination, for the control of the main ichthyopathologies of relevance in current aquaculture...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 18/07/2023. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)