Antidepresivos con alta carga anticolinérgica en adultos mayores: uso, adecuación terapéutica e impacto clínico
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2026
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27/10/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Desde la década de 1970, la población española ha experimentado un envejecimiento sostenido, alcanzando en el año 2022 un 19,97% de adultos mayores, según datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Este fenómeno implica un aumento en la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y un mayor consumo de medicamentos, lo que a su vez incrementa los problemas asociados al uso de fármacos. La depresión, cuya prevalencia aumenta con la edad, suele manifestarse en los adultos mayores con síntomas más somáticos y menos expresivos a nivel emocional. Su tratamiento requiere un enfoque multidisciplinar que combine farmacoterapia (incluyendo ISRS, ATC, IMAO, entre otros) y psicoterapia, destacando especialmente las terapias cognitivo-conductuales. Aunque los antidepresivos son ampliamente utilizados en adultos mayores, la evidencia sobre su seguridad a largo plazo es limitada. En particular, los antidepresivos tricíclicos, debido a su efecto anticolinérgico acumulativo, conocido como carga anticolinérgica, podrían aumentar el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, demencias, caídas y fracturas, entre otros. Por tanto, el abordaje de la depresión en esta población debe ser individualizado, teniendo en cuenta tanto los riesgos propios del envejecimiento como los posibles efectos adversos de los tratamientos utilizados...
According to data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE) the Spanish population has experienced a sustained aging process since the 1970s, reaching 19.97% of older adults in 2022. This phenomenon involves an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and greater use of medication, which raises problems associated with drug consumption. Depression, whose prevalence increases with age, often manifests in older adults with more somatic symptoms and less emotional expression. Its treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach combining pharmacotherapy (including SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, among others) and psychotherapy, with cognitive-behavioral therapies being especially noteworthy. Although antidepressants are widely used in older adults, evidence on their long-term safety is limited. In particular, tricyclic antidepressants, due to their cumulative anticholinergic effect, known as anticholinergic burden, may increase the risk of cognitive decline, dementia, falls and fractures among others. Therefore, the management of depression in this population must be individualized, considering both the risks inherent to aging and the potential adverse effects of the treatments used...
According to data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE) the Spanish population has experienced a sustained aging process since the 1970s, reaching 19.97% of older adults in 2022. This phenomenon involves an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and greater use of medication, which raises problems associated with drug consumption. Depression, whose prevalence increases with age, often manifests in older adults with more somatic symptoms and less emotional expression. Its treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach combining pharmacotherapy (including SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, among others) and psychotherapy, with cognitive-behavioral therapies being especially noteworthy. Although antidepressants are widely used in older adults, evidence on their long-term safety is limited. In particular, tricyclic antidepressants, due to their cumulative anticholinergic effect, known as anticholinergic burden, may increase the risk of cognitive decline, dementia, falls and fractures among others. Therefore, the management of depression in this population must be individualized, considering both the risks inherent to aging and the potential adverse effects of the treatments used...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 27/10/2025













