Inquisición Portuguesa y Monarquía Hispánica en tiempos del perdón general de 1605.
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2010
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Edições Colibri-CIDEHUS/UE
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A principios del reinado de Felipe III (1598-1621), las relaciones entre la Monarquía Hispánica y la Inquisición portuguesa entraron en una nueva fase caracterizada por los constantes desacuerdos. El conflicto provocado por el perdón general que solicitaban los cristianos nuevos fue acompañado por otros motivos de tensión entre la Corona y el Santo Oficio. De modo que, en cinco años, entre 1599 y 1604, se sucedieron cuatro inquisidores generales, la Corona proyectó la reforma del tribunal y se prohibió, en varias ocasiones, la celebración de autos de fe. Al mismo tiempo, se sucedían las tensiones entre la Inquisición y la Santa Sede, especialmente por las apelaciones de algunos cristianos nuevos al Sumo Pontífice. Para solucionar el problema de la oposición del Santo Oficio a las resoluciones de la monarquía, Felipe III recurrió a un hombre de probada fidelidad a la casa de Austria. Se trataba de don Pedro de Castilho, obispo de Leiria, que aceptó ejecutar el perdón general concedido a los cristianos nuevos. A partir de 1605, el Santo Oficio, bajo el gobierno de Castilho, inició una etapa de recuperación de su poder y prestigio. Mediante la sumisión a los designios de la corona y la colaboración con los ministros más influyentes –el duque de Lerma, el marqués de Castelo Rodrigo y el secretario Fernão de Matos– el nuevo inquisidor general consiguió recuperar la confianza del monarca en el Santo Oficio. Gracias a ello, logró sustituir la reforma externa de la Inquisición, que había sido planeada en Valladolid, por una reforma desde dentro del tribunal que concluyó en la reorganización del Conselho Geral y en la publicación, en 1613, del nuevo "Regimento" del Santo Oficio.
At the beginning of the reign of Philip III (1598-1621), the relations between the Hispanic Monarchy and the Portuguese Inquisition entered a new phase characterised by constant disagreements. The conflict provoked by the general pardon requested by the New Christians was accompanied by other sources of tension between the Crown and the Holy Office. Thus, in five years, between 1599 and 1604, four Inquisitors general succeeded one another, the Crown planned to reform the Tribunal, and the holding of “autos de fe” was prohibited on several occasions. At the same time, tensions between the Inquisition and the Holy See were rising, especially because of the appeals of some New Christians to the Pope. To solve the problem of the Holy Office´s opposition to the monarchy´s resolutions, Philip III turned to a man of proven loyalty to the House of Austria. This was Don Pedro de Castilho, Bishop of Leiria, who agreed to execute the general pardon granted to the New Christians. From 1605 onwards, the Holy Office, under the rule of Castilho, began to regain its power and prestige. By submitting to the designs of the Crown and collaborating with the most influential ministers –the Duke of Lerma, the Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo and the secretary Fernão de Matos– the new Inquisitor General managed to regain the monarch´s confidence in the Holy Office. Thanks to this, he was able to replace the external reform of the Inquisition, which had been planned in Valladolid, with a reform from within the Tribunal that led to the reorganisation of the Conselho Geral and the publication, in 1613, of the new “Regimento” of the Holy Office.
At the beginning of the reign of Philip III (1598-1621), the relations between the Hispanic Monarchy and the Portuguese Inquisition entered a new phase characterised by constant disagreements. The conflict provoked by the general pardon requested by the New Christians was accompanied by other sources of tension between the Crown and the Holy Office. Thus, in five years, between 1599 and 1604, four Inquisitors general succeeded one another, the Crown planned to reform the Tribunal, and the holding of “autos de fe” was prohibited on several occasions. At the same time, tensions between the Inquisition and the Holy See were rising, especially because of the appeals of some New Christians to the Pope. To solve the problem of the Holy Office´s opposition to the monarchy´s resolutions, Philip III turned to a man of proven loyalty to the House of Austria. This was Don Pedro de Castilho, Bishop of Leiria, who agreed to execute the general pardon granted to the New Christians. From 1605 onwards, the Holy Office, under the rule of Castilho, began to regain its power and prestige. By submitting to the designs of the Crown and collaborating with the most influential ministers –the Duke of Lerma, the Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo and the secretary Fernão de Matos– the new Inquisitor General managed to regain the monarch´s confidence in the Holy Office. Thanks to this, he was able to replace the external reform of the Inquisition, which had been planned in Valladolid, with a reform from within the Tribunal that led to the reorganisation of the Conselho Geral and the publication, in 1613, of the new “Regimento” of the Holy Office.