Formas de legitimación de la violencia en TV
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2004
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La vi0lencia en televisión muestra unos patrones que son generalmente aceptados por la sociedad que los recibe. La
emisión de un episodio de violencia o de una agresión está contextuada de tal manera que al espectador ya le llega valorada de forma positiva o negativa. Esta valoración conforma unos patrones de legitimación característicos y diferenciados que hemos tratado de identificar en sus diferentes manifestaciones. Hemos recogido de forma aleatoria fragmentos de emisiones televisivas para analizar los diversos patrones legitimatorios de la violencia en televisión. La evaluación de la violencia necesita de tres factores que son la presentación de los agresores y las víctimas, la apreciación del daño y las consecuencias de la acción y la «cualificación» de las acciones. En las emisiones televisivas existe mucha legitimación de violencia, que va desde la no condena, a la justificación explícita y a la exaltación. La aceptación social de la violencia se observa mucho más en los programas de modalidad no realista, las películas y series, pero también alcanza a los informativos y reportajes. Eso sí, los marcos de legitimación en los programas no realistas son más amplios y menos ajustados a las normas de convivencia de un Estado de derecho.
Television violence shows some patterns generally accepted by the receiving society. The broadcasting of a violence episode or of an aggression is always seen in context in such a way that it gets to the viewer already evaluated in a positive or negative form. This evaluation shapes some characteristic and differentiated legitimatory patterns that we have tried to identify, using a sample of 140 15-minute random television extracts, distributed to the five conventional television channels that can be seen in the Madrid area (Spain), to quantitatively analyse the different legitimatory patterns of television violence. The evaluation of violence and the very naming and qualification of violent acts needs three elements: aggressors and victims presentation; evaluation of harm and of the consequences of the action of the action. In television broadcasting there a lot of violence legitimation, from no condemnation of it, to the explicit justification and even to the exaltation. The social acceptance of violence is observed mainly in nom-realist programs, like films and series, but is is also present in news and documentary programs. The legitimatory frames in non-realist programs are wider and less adjusted to the noms of conduct in a constitutional state.
Television violence shows some patterns generally accepted by the receiving society. The broadcasting of a violence episode or of an aggression is always seen in context in such a way that it gets to the viewer already evaluated in a positive or negative form. This evaluation shapes some characteristic and differentiated legitimatory patterns that we have tried to identify, using a sample of 140 15-minute random television extracts, distributed to the five conventional television channels that can be seen in the Madrid area (Spain), to quantitatively analyse the different legitimatory patterns of television violence. The evaluation of violence and the very naming and qualification of violent acts needs three elements: aggressors and victims presentation; evaluation of harm and of the consequences of the action of the action. In television broadcasting there a lot of violence legitimation, from no condemnation of it, to the explicit justification and even to the exaltation. The social acceptance of violence is observed mainly in nom-realist programs, like films and series, but is is also present in news and documentary programs. The legitimatory frames in non-realist programs are wider and less adjusted to the noms of conduct in a constitutional state.