Papel de las especies reactivas de oxígeno en la función endotelial renal y en la disfunción endotelial asociada a la obesidad
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2018
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22/06/2017
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Además de su papel en la patogénesis de la enfermedad vascular, las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) pueden actuar como moléculas de señalización fisiológica en la pared vascular, y ROS como el H2O2 están implicadas en las respuestas relajantes mediadas por la hiperpolarización derivada del endotelio (EDH) de arteriolas coronarias y mesentéricas, donde se libera en respuesta al flujo o a agonistas (Matoba et al., 2000; Matoba et al., 2003). El papel de las ROS en la función vascular renal ha sido investigado en el contexto perjudicial de la generación de ROS derivadas de NADPH oxidasa y mitocondria en diabetes y enfermedad renal asociada a obesidad (Sharma, 2015). Una fracción sustancial de la vasodilatación dependiente del endotelio de arterias renales está mediada por el factor relajante no-óxido nítrico (NO), no-prostanoide liberado por el endotelio (Büssemaker et al., 2003), cuya naturaleza aún se desconoce. La obesidad es un problema mundial de salud pública cuya prevalencia continúa aumentando en la actualidad, asociada con el desarrollo de la resistencia a la insulina, hipertensión, dislipidemia y diabetes tipo 2, conocidos en su conjunto como síndrome metabólico. La obesidad y el síndrome metabólico aumentan el riesgo de complicaciones diabéticas como la nefropatía y la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Sin embargo, estudios epidemiológicos recientes sugieren que la ERC puede desarrollarse en individuos obesos no diabéticos, y la obesidad representa un factor de riesgo de ERC independiente de la diabetes, la hipertensión y otras comorbilidades (De Vries et al., 2014)...
Besides its role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as physiological signalling molecules in the vascular wall, and ROS like peroxide (H2O2) are involved in the in endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH) relaxant responses of coronary and mesenteric arterioles, where in it is released in response to flow or agonists (Matoba et al., 2000; Matoba et al., 2003). The role of ROS in kidney vascular function has mainly been investigated in the context of harmful NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS generation in diabetes and obesity-associated kidney disease (Sharma, 2015). A substantial fraction of the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of renal arteries is mediated by a non-nitric oxide (NO), non-prostanoid relaxing factor released from the endothelium (Büssemaker et al., 2003), whose nature remains to be elucidated. Obesity is a worldwide public health problem of increasing prevalence nowdays, associated with the development of insulin resistance, hypertension, dislipidemia and type 2 diabetes, jointly referred to as metabolic syndrome. Obesity and metabolic syndrome increase the risk of diabetic complications such as nephropathy and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, recent epidemiological studies suggest that CKD can develop in non-diabetic obese individuals, and obesity represents a risk factor of CKD independent of diabetes, hypertension and other comorbilidities (De Vries et al., 2014)...
Besides its role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as physiological signalling molecules in the vascular wall, and ROS like peroxide (H2O2) are involved in the in endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH) relaxant responses of coronary and mesenteric arterioles, where in it is released in response to flow or agonists (Matoba et al., 2000; Matoba et al., 2003). The role of ROS in kidney vascular function has mainly been investigated in the context of harmful NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS generation in diabetes and obesity-associated kidney disease (Sharma, 2015). A substantial fraction of the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of renal arteries is mediated by a non-nitric oxide (NO), non-prostanoid relaxing factor released from the endothelium (Büssemaker et al., 2003), whose nature remains to be elucidated. Obesity is a worldwide public health problem of increasing prevalence nowdays, associated with the development of insulin resistance, hypertension, dislipidemia and type 2 diabetes, jointly referred to as metabolic syndrome. Obesity and metabolic syndrome increase the risk of diabetic complications such as nephropathy and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, recent epidemiological studies suggest that CKD can develop in non-diabetic obese individuals, and obesity represents a risk factor of CKD independent of diabetes, hypertension and other comorbilidities (De Vries et al., 2014)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Fisiología, leída el 22-06-2017